What is the primary purpose of a camshaft in an internal combustion engine?

The primary purpose of a camshaft in an internal combustion engine is to operate the intake and exhaust valves. The camshaft is a crucial component as it is responsible for controlling the timing of when these valves open and close during the engine's cycle. It does this through specifically shaped lobes on the camshaft that, as the camshaft rotates, push against the valve lifters and then open the valves at the correct times, allowing the air-fuel mixture to enter the combustion chamber and enabling exhaust gases to exit after combustion.

This precise timing is essential for the overall efficiency and performance of the engine, ensuring that the engine runs smoothly and at optimal power levels. By managing the valve operation, the camshaft directly influences the engine's airflow and exhaust, which are vital for maintaining the correct air-fuel mixture for combustion.